Under Turkish enforcement law, non-judgment execution proceedings (ilamsız icra) allow a creditor to initiate debt collection operations directly through an Execution Office without first obtaining a court judgment. Once served with a payment order (ödeme emri), the debtor must file a formal objection if they believe the debt is non-existent, paid, time-barred, or if the office lacks territorial jurisdiction.

1. Statutory Deadlines and Filing Objection

For non-judgment execution files, the debtor has a strict 7-day deadline from the date of official service to file an objection. This deadline is a absolute statutory limit; failure to object within 7 days results in the automated finalization of the execution order, giving the creditor the right to request asset seizures, wage garnishments, or bank account blocks.

2. Categories of Objection: Debt, Signature, Jurisdiction

  • Objection to the Debt (Borca İtiraz): Used when the debtor asserts that the debt does not exist, has already been fully paid, or the amount claimed is incorrect. In case of a partial objection, the specific disputed amount must be clearly stated in the petition, otherwise the objection is invalid.
  • Objection to the Signature (İmzaya İtiraz): Filed when the debtor claims that the signature on the contract, promissory note, or check does not belong to them. This objection must be explicitly detailed in the petition.
  • Objection to Jurisdiction (Yetkiye İtiraz): Filed when the creditor files the case in an incorrect territorial Execution Office. The debtor must clearly indicate the correct, competent execution office.

3. Sample Petition for Debt Objection (Turkish Original)

The petition below is for an objection to a payment order in enforcement proceedings without judgment, filed with the enforcement office (icra dairesi). It contains the mandatory elements required by article 62 of the Turkish Enforcement and Bankruptcy Code (İİK).

The template is deliberately given in Turkish and is not translated. Turkish is the language of proceedings before enforcement offices, and a petition filed in any other language will not be accepted. The annotations below the template explain, in English, what each part does and where the procedural traps are. Fields in square brackets must be completed, and any objection heading that does not apply to your file must be deleted.

[…] İCRA MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ'NE DOSYA NO : 20../….. E. İTİRAZ EDEN (BORÇLU) : [Ad SOYAD] (T.C. Kimlik No: […]) ADRESİ : [Yurt içi açık adres, İİK m.62/3 uyarınca itirazla birlikte bildirilmesi zorunludur] VEKİLİ : Av. [Ad SOYAD] (varsa) ALACAKLI : [Ad SOYAD / Ünvan] KONU : Tarafıma tebliğ edilen ödeme emrine itirazlarımın sunulması ve takibin durdurulması talebidir. AÇIKLAMALAR : 1. Müdürlüğünüzün yukarıda esas numarası yazılı dosyasından düzenlenen ödeme emri tarafıma […/…/20..] tarihinde tebliğ edilmiştir. İşbu itirazım, İİK m.62 uyarınca yasal yedi günlük süre içerisindedir. 2. (BORCA İTİRAZ) Alacaklıya herhangi bir borcum bulunmamaktadır. Takibe konu […] TL alacağın dayanağı olduğu ileri sürülen […] ile aramızda herhangi bir hukuki ilişki mevcut değildir. / Söz konusu borç […/…/20..] tarihinde ödenmiştir. Bu nedenle borcun tamamına itiraz ediyorum. Borcun yalnızca bir kısmına itiraz edilecekse, 2. madde yerine aşağıdaki metin kullanılmalıdır: 2. (KISMİ İTİRAZ) Takibe konu […] TL alacağın […] TL'lik kısmına itiraz ediyorum. İtiraz ettiğim kısım, […/…/20..] tarihli […] sayılı faturadan kaynaklanan […] TL asıl alacak ile buna ilişkin […] TL işlemiş faizdir. Kabul ettiğim kısım […] TL'dir. 3. (FAİZE VE FERİLERİNE İTİRAZ) Takip talebinde istenen […] oranındaki faize, faiz başlangıç tarihine ve işlemiş faiz miktarına ayrıca itiraz ediyorum. 4. (YETKİYE İTİRAZ) Takibin başlatıldığı […] İcra Dairesi yetkili değildir. Yerleşim yerim […] adresi olup, İİK m.50 ve HMK m.6 uyarınca yetkili icra dairesi […] İcra Dairesidir. 5. (İMZAYA İTİRAZ) Takibe dayanak yapılan […/…/20..] tarihli senetteki imza bana ait değildir; senetteki imzayı ayrıca ve açıkça reddediyorum. HUKUKİ SEBEPLER : İİK m.50, 58, 60, 62, 66 ve ilgili mevzuat. SONUÇ VE İSTEM : Yukarıda açıkladığım nedenlerle, süresi içinde yaptığım itirazlarım doğrultusunda takibin DURDURULMASINA karar verilmesini saygıyla talep ederim. […/…/20..] İTİRAZ EDEN (BORÇLU) [Ad SOYAD] [İmza]

What Each Section Does, and Where Debtors Lose Their Rights

  • Heading and case number. The petition is addressed to the enforcement office that issued the payment order (İcra Müdürlüğü), quoting the file number printed on the order.
  • The seven-day period is preclusive. It runs from the date the payment order was formally served, not from the date you learned of it. If missed, the proceedings become final and the right to object to the debt is lost entirely.
  • Partial objections must state the exact amount. Under İİK art. 62/4, a debtor objecting to only part of the debt must expressly state the ground and the amount of that part. Otherwise the objection is deemed never to have been filed. Precedent no. 1 on this page addresses exactly this point.
  • A signature must be denied separately and explicitly. Under İİK art. 62/5, a debtor denying the signature on the underlying instrument must say so expressly and separately. Otherwise the signature is deemed accepted for the purposes of the proceedings. Stating "I owe nothing" does not amount to denying the signature.
  • A jurisdiction objection must name the competent office. Simply objecting to jurisdiction is insufficient; the petition must identify which enforcement office is competent. Precedent no. 3 on this page shows the consequences of getting this wrong.
  • A domestic address is mandatory. Under İİK art. 62/3, the debtor or their attorney must declare an address in Turkey together with the objection. If a later change of address is not notified, service to the address in the original request is treated as valid service on the debtor.
  • You may file through another enforcement office. If you are in a different city, the nearest enforcement office will forward your objection to the competent office once the required cost is paid. You are entitled to a free, unstamped receipt confirming the objection, keep it.
  • This template does not apply to negotiable instruments. For proceedings based on a cheque, bond or bill of exchange, the period is five days, not seven, and the objection goes to the enforcement court (icra mahkemesi), not the enforcement office (İİK art. 168/3-4-5). Critically, unlike proceedings without judgment, such an objection does not automatically suspend enforcement. The type of proceedings is stated on the payment order itself; if in doubt, consult a lawyer immediately.

For detailed information and legal consultation, you can visit our Debt Enforcement & Bankruptcy Law page, or request an appointment via our Contact page.

Frequently Asked Questions on Debt Objections

What is the deadline to object to a debt payment order in Turkey?

For non-judgment execution files, the debtor must file the objection within 7 days from the official date of service. This limit is strictly enforced.

Does filing an objection automatically stop the debt collection?

Yes. A valid objection submitted within the 7-day period automatically suspends the non-judgment execution proceedings. The creditor cannot request foreclosure while the objection is active.

How can the creditor continue the collection after an objection?

The creditor must initiate legal action. They can file a lawsuit for the cancellation of objection (itirazın iptali) in Civil Courts within 1 year, or the removal of objection (itirazın kaldırılması) in the Execution Court within 6 months.

Are there penalties for unjustified objections by debtors?

Yes. If the court rules that the debtor's objection was completely unjustified, the court will sentence the debtor to pay an execution denial compensation of at least 20% of the principal debt amount.

Where do I file the debt objection?

The objection must be filed with the specific Execution Office that issued the payment order. If you reside in another city, you can submit it through your local Execution Office using the UYAP system.